![]() ![]() ![]() Past and present knowledge of the mechanisms responsible for the toxicity of protamine and the most promising potential replacements of protamine in the different phases of development.ĭespite of the low therapeutic index, protamine is the only registered antidote of heparins. Recent studies have demonstrated new organ-specific complications of the heparin reversal with protamine. Despite its extensive clinical use, protamine may produce life-threatening side effects such as systemic hypotension, catastrophic pulmonary vasoconstriction or allergic reactions. In the case of an emergency bleeding in response to heparin, the protamine sulfate is administered. ![]() Unfractionated heparin is a strongly anionic anticoagulant used extensively in medicine to prevent blood clotting. ![]()
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